Only eighteen years old, he was consistently underestimated by his rivals for power. He furthered his cause by emphasizing the fact that he was the son of a god, since Caesar had been Deified. Crossing over to Italia, he bolstered his personal forces with Caesar's veteran legionaries, gathering support by emphasizing his status as heir to Caesar. Octavian recruited a small force in Apollonia. Mark Antony later charged that he had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favours, though Suetonius describes Antony's accusation as political slander. Roman tradition dictated that he also append the surname Octavianus ( Octavian) to indicate his biological family however, no evidence exists that he ever used that name. Owing to his adoption, Octavius assumed the name Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar's will revealed that, having no legitimate children, Caesar had adopted his great-nephew Octavius as his son and main heir. When Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March (the 15th) 44 BC, Octavius was studying in Apollonia, Illyria. Caesar and Octavius returned home in the same carriage, and Caesar secretly changed his will.īronze statue of Augustus, Archaeological Museum, Athens. When he had recovered, he sailed to the front, but was shipwrecked after coming ashore with a handful of companions, he made it across hostile territory to Caesar's camp, which impressed his great-uncle considerably. The following year, 46 BC, she consented for him to join Caesar in Hispania, where he planned to fight the forces of Pompey, but he fell ill and was unable to travel.
Caesar requested that Octavius join his staff for his campaign in Africa, but Atia protested that he was too young. He donned the toga virilis at fifteen, and was elected to the College of Pontiffs. In 51 BC, aged eleven, Octavius delivered the funeral oration for his grandmother Julia, elder sister of Caesar. He spent most of his childhood in the house of his stepfather, Lucius Marcius Philippus. In 58 BC, when he was four years old, his father died. He spent his early years in his grandfather's house near Veletrae (modern Velletri). His mother, Atia, was the niece of Julius Caesar, soon to be Rome's most successful general and Dictator. Shortly after Octavius's birth, his father gave him the cognomen of Thurinus, possibly to commemorate his victory at Thurii over a rebellious band of slaves. His father, also Gaius Octavius, came from a respectable but undistinguished family of the equestrian order and was governor of Macedonia. He was born in Rome (or Velletri) on September 23, 63 BC with the name Gaius Octavius. He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome an era of peace, prosperity, and imperial greatness, known as the Pax Romana, or Roman peace. OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors.Īlthough he preserved the outward form of the Roman Republic, he ruled as an autocrat for 41 years, and his rule is the dividing line between the Republic and the Roman Empire.AVGVSTVS September 23, 63 BC– August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian Latin: C.Natural - Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, BritannicusĪugustus ( Latin: IMP Tiberius, stepson by third wife and adoptive sonĪdoptive - Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Agrippa Postumus, Tiberius
Related subjects: Historical figures Augustus
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